Reverse Osmosis (RO) is an advanced water purification technology that removes dissolved salts, heavy metals, chemicals, and microorganisms from water. It works on the principle of forcing water through a
Semi-permeable membrane under pressure, allowing only pure water molecules to pass through while rejecting contaminants.
1. Pre-Filtration
Before water reaches the RO membrane, it passes through sediment and activated carbon filters.
These remove dirt, chlorine, and organic impurities that could damage the RO membrane.
2. High Pressure Pump
A pump applies pressure (usually 8–15 bar for domestic systems, higher for industrial).
This pressure is essential because it pushes water against its natural osmotic direction (hence called reverse osmosis).
3. RO Membrane Filtration
The heart of the process is the semi-permeable RO membrane.
Its pores are as small as 0.0001 microns.
Pure water molecules pass through, while salts, heavy metals, pesticides, bacteria, and viruses are blocked.
4. Separation of Streams
Permeate (Product Water): Clean, purified water safe for drinking.
Reject (Concentrate/Brine): Waste stream containing all the dissolved salts and impurities, which is drained out.
5. Post-Filtration & Storage
The purified water often passes through a post-carbon filter to enhance taste.
Finally, it is stored in a clean tank, ready for consumption.
Removes up to 95–99% of dissolved salts and impurities.
Eliminates toxic metals (lead, arsenic, mercury, fluoride).
Blocks bacteria, protozoa, and viruses.
Improves taste and odor by removing chlorine and organic matter.
Ensures consistently safe and clean drinking water.
High level of purification
Effective against both chemical and biological contaminants
Makes hard water suitable for drinking
Essential for areas with polluted water sources
⚠️ Removes beneficial minerals along with contaminants
⚠️ Produces wastewater (reject water)
⚠️ Requires electricity and regular maintenance
Reverse Osmosis = Pressure-driven separation process where water passes through a semi-permeable membrane, leaving behind dissolved salts, heavy metals, and microbes.
It is considered one of the most reliable and advanced methods of water purification worldwide.
Never install an RO system without proper knowledge.
Using RO without understanding its science can be harmful for you and your family.
Always consult an expert before choosing RO for your home.
Avoid cheap RO units available in the market without guidance, as RO is a technology based entirely on science and requires complete awareness to use safely and effectively.
